Instructions

  • Step 1:

    The aim of this experiment is to get familiarized with the electrical devices.

  • Step 2:

    Click on ‘Next’ Button to view the next electrical device.

  • Step 3:

    Click on ‘Previous’ button to go back to previous electrical device.

  • Step 4:

    Repeat Step 2 and 3 until you reach the end of the experiment.

Instructions

TO GET FAMILIARIZED WITH THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES.

TRANSFORMER

Figure 1: Transformer

  • A transformer is a static electrical machine which transfer AC electrical power from one circuit to other circuit at a constant frequency, but the voltage level can be altered that means voltage can be increased or decreased according requirement. It is work on the principle of “Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction” which states that “The induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.”

  • A single phase voltage transformer basically consists of two electrical coil of wire, one called primary winding and another called secondary winding.The primary side of the transformer is typically the one that receives power, while the secondary side delivers power.Depending on the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, the voltage is either stepped up or stepped down.

  • For a transformer there is no direct electrical connection between the two coil windings, thereby giving it the name also of an Isolation Transformer. Generally, the primary winding if a transformer is connected to the input voltage supply and converts or transforms the electrical power into a magnetic field. While the job of the secondary winding is to convert this alternating magnetic field into electrical power producing the required output voltage.

    • There are various type of transformer:

    1. Position of the winding concerning the core

    1. Core type transformer

    2. Shell type transformer

    1. According to the transformer ratio or number of turns in the windings

    1. Step up transformer

    2. Step down transformor

    1. Type of services

    1. Power transformer

    2. Distribution transformer

    3. Instrument transformer

    1. Current transformer

    2. Potential transformer

    1. On the basis of the supply

    1. Single phase transformer

    2. Three phase transformer

    Instrument transformer:

  • Instrument transformer are used in AC system for measurement of electrical quantities i.e. voltage, current power, energy, power factor, frequency.

  • Instrument transformers are also used with protective relays for protection of power system.

  • Basic function of instrument transformer is to step down the AC system voltage and current. The voltage and current level of power system is very high. It is very difficult and costly to design the measuring instruments for measurement of such high level voltage and current. Generally measuring instruments are designed for 1A/5A and 110V.

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                                    Figure 2: Current Transformer                                                                                   Figure 3: Potential Transformer